Thursday, November 10, 2011

Trans Pacific Partnership A Globalization Monster

Globalization began to take shape during the Uruguay Round  of GATT which would morph into the
World Trade Organization


The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT), which commenced in 1948. The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments.[4][5] Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous trade negotiations, especially from the Uruguay Round (1986–1994).
The organization is currently endeavoring to persist with a trade negotiation called the Doha Development Agenda (or Doha Round), which was launched in 2001 to enhance equitable participation of poorer countries which represent a majority of the world's population. However, the negotiation has been dogged by "disagreement between exporters of agricultural bulk commodities and countries with large numbers of subsistence farmers on the precise terms of a 'special safeguard measure' to protect farmers from surges in imports. At this time, the future of the Doha Round is uncertain."[6]The WTO has 153 members,[7] representing more than 97% of the world's population,[8] and 30 observers, most seeking membership. The WTO is governed by a ministerial conference, meeting every two years; a general council, which implements the conference's policy decisions and is responsible for day-to-day administration; and a director-general, who is appointed by the ministerial conference. The WTO's headquarters is at the Centre William RappardGenevaSwitzerland.

The effects of the integration of the worlds economies on the average citizen  were unknown as negotiations took place at the nation state level.  In 1992 that would change.

Ross Perot a billionaire Texas business launched an independent campaign for President of the United States. One of the issues raised  by Mr. Perot during the campaign were the negotiations taking place between the U.S., Canada and Mexico that would form a free trade area called the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)  He famously said "That giant sucking sound you hear are American jobs going south."  Accordingly those with a vested interest in having NAFTA enacted dismissed Ross Perot's comments as alarmist and simply untrue.

NAFTA came into full effect in January of 1994 since then Ross Perot's statement proved to be correct.

 Since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed in 1993, the rise in the U.S. trade deficit with Canada and Mexico through 2002 has caused the displacement of production that supported 879,280 U.S. jobs. Most of those lost jobs were high-wage positions in manufacturing industries. The loss of these jobs is just the most visible tip of NAFTA’s impact on the U.S. economy. In fact, NAFTA has also contributed to rising income inequality, suppressed real wages for production workers, weakened workers’ collective bargaining powers and ability to organize unions, and reduced fringe benefits.
As those jobs disappeared the Midwest of the United States its economy already effected by previous contractions in the manufacturing sector NAFTA's implementation  accelerated  the downward spiral from which it has never recovered.

In 1999 the displeasure with globalization came into full view during what was supposed to be the first Ministerial meeting of the WTO in Seattle.   


On the morning of November 30, 1999, the Direct Action Network's plan was put into effect. Several hundred activists arrived in the deserted streets near the convention center and began to take control of key intersections. Over the next few hours, a number of marchers began to converge on the area from different directions. These included a student march from the north and a march of citizens of the developing world who marched in from the south. Some demonstrators held rallies, others held teach-ins and at least one group staged an early-morning street party. Meanwhile, a number of protesters still controlled the intersections using lockdown formations.
The control of the intersections, plus the sheer numbers of protesters in the area, prevented delegates from getting from their hotels to the Convention Center. It also had the effect of cutting the police forces in two: the police who had formed a cordon around the convention center were cut off from the rest of the city. The police outside of the area eventually tried to break through the protesters' lines in the south.

 
 Now there is the Trans Pacific Partnership which first involved 4 nations Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore today that is about to be expanded to include nations now part of APEC just one problem those negotiations are taking place in secret.  Among the concerns voiced by those opposed to the agreement say that agriculture, fishing and the national health systems could be victims of the trade pact.  An example: When the U.S. and South Korea announced they had reached agreement on their own Free Trade agreement the Korean government admitted that its fishing and agricultural sectors would disappear. As for the national health systems under the agreement they could be forced to important drugs manufactured by U.S. drugs companies which would severely inflate prices and end their ability to buy generic drugs from countries like India and South Africa.

    At a public forum on 6 July 2011, legal experts in New Zealand presented their concerns that the agreement could undermine law regarding Māori culture, genetic modification, copyright, and remove the subsidised medicine New Zealanders have access to through Pharmac.[27]Ken Akamatsu, creator of Love Hina and Mahou Sensei Negima!, expressed concern the agreement could decimate the derivative dōjinshi (self-published) works prevalent in Japan. Akamatsu argues that the TPP "would destroy derivative dōjinshi. And as a result, the power of the entire manga industry would also diminish." Kensaku Fukui, a lawyer and a Nihon University professor, expressed concerns that the TPP could allow companies to restrict or stop imports and exports of intellectual property, such as licensed merchandise. For example, IP holders could restrict or stop importers from shipping merchandise such as DVD's and other related goods related to an anime or manga property into one country to protect local distribution of licensed merchandise already in the country via local licensors.[28] At a NicoNico live seminar titled How Would TPP Change the Net and Copyrights? An In-Depth Examination: From Extending Copyright Terms to Changing the Law to Allow Unilateral Enforcement and Statutory Damages, artist Kazuhiko Hachiya warned that cosplay could also fall under the TPP, and such an agreement could give law enforcement officials broad interpretive authority in dictating how people could dress up. Critics also have derided the agreement could also harm Japanese culture, where some segments have developed thru parody works.[29]

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