This election is the first time since 1952 that Egyptian's have been given the right to vote directly for who should be president of Egypt.
The next President of Egypt is:
MORSI Is The NEXT PRESIDENT OF EGYPT
"The
peaceful protests will continue in the squares and across Egypt. The
struggle for a new Egypt is just beginning," Gihad Haddad, a Brotherhood
official, told Reuters. The group had called for open-ended protests
last week.
"We will continue exerting pressure for change on all
fronts: through the 'Renaissance' (election) program, the protests and
through quickly uniting Egyptians to form a new government to begin its
work," another senior Brotherhood official, Hassan Malek, told Reuters.
4.30pm: Egypt: More words of caution to counter the celebrations in Tahrir Square.
Shadi Hamid director of research at the Brookings Doha Centre:
But Liam Stack, stringer for the New York Times, says it is still a historic moment:
This is the first time in
#egypt history the country will be ruled by someone who is not a king, emperor or general
#EgyPresElex
Remember that the Supreme Council of the Arm Forces continues to hold most of the power as the Egyptian constitutional court dissolved Parliament and that there is no constitution which clearly lays out the powers of the president and the military.
In in 1952
Gamal Abel Naser led a coupe which over threw the king of Egypt and led the country until his death in on September 28 1970. Upon his death General
Anwar Sadat assumed the presidency. Presidency
Sadat succeeded Nasser as president after the latter's death in 1970.
Sadat's presidency was widely expected to be short-lived. Viewing him
as having been little more than a puppet of the former president,
Nasser's supporters in government settled on Sadat as someone they could
manipulate easily. Sadat surprised everyone with a series of astute
political moves by which he was able to retain the presidency and emerge
as a leader in his own right.
[8] On 15 May 1971
[9] Sadat announced his
Corrective Revolution, purging the government, political and security establishments of the most ardent
Nasserists.
Sadat encouraged the emergence of an Islamist movement which had been
suppressed by Nasser. Believing Islamists to be socially conservative he
gave them "considerable cultural and ideological autonomy" in exchange
for political support.
[10]
In 1971, three years into the
War of Attrition in the Suez Canal zone, Sadat endorsed in a letter the peace proposals of
UN negotiator
Gunnar Jarring which seemed to lead to a full peace with
Israel
on the basis of Israel's withdrawal to its pre-war borders. This peace
initiative failed as neither Israel nor the United States of America
accepted the terms as discussed then.
Sadat likely perceived that Israel's desire to negotiate was directly
correlated to how much of a military threat they perceived from Egypt,
which, after the
Six-Day War
of 1967, was at an all time low. Israel also viewed the most
substantial part of the Egyptian threat as the presence of Soviet
equipment and personnel (in the thousands at this time). It was for
those reasons that Sadat expelled the Soviet military advisers from
Egypt and proceeded to whip his army into shape for a renewed
confrontation with Israel. During this time, Egypt was suffering greatly
from economic problems caused by the Six-Day War and the Soviet
relationship also declined due to their unreliability and refusal of
Sadat’s requests for more military support.
[7]
Assassination
On 6 October 1981, Sadat was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate
Egypt's crossing of the Suez Canal.
[37] In addition to Sadat, eleven others were killed, including the
Cuban ambassador, an
Omani general, and a
Coptic Orthodox bishop. Twenty-eight were wounded, including Vice President
Hosni Mubarak,
Irish Defence Minister James Tully, and four US military liaison officers.
The assassination squad was led by Lieutenant
Khalid Islambouli after a
fatwā approving the assassination had been obtained from
Omar Abdel-Rahman. Islambouli was tried, found guilty, sentenced to death, and executed by
firing squad in April 1982.
Hosni Mubarak
President of Egypt
Assassination attempts and governing style
According to the BBC, Mubarak survived six assassination attempts.
[24] In June 1995 there was an alleged assassination attempt involving noxious gases and
Egyptian Islamic Jihad while he was in
Ethiopia for a conference of the
Organization of African Unity.
[26] Upon return Mubarak is said to have authorized bombings on
Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, which by 1999 saw 20,000 persons placed in detention related to the revolutionary Islamic organizations.
[citation needed] He was also reportedly injured by a knife-wielding assailant in
Port Said in September 1999.
[27]
In his early years in power, Mubarak greatly expanded the Egyptian
State Security Investigations Service (
Mabahith Amn ad-Dawla) and
Central Security Forces (anti-riot and containment forces).
[28] According to author
Tarek Osman,
the experience of seeing his predecessor assassinated "right in front
of him" and his much longer military career than Presidents Nasser or
Sadat may have instilled in him more focus and absorption with security
than seemed the case with either of those heads of the Egyptian state.
Mubarak sought advice and confidence not in "leading ministers," "senior
advisors" or "leading intellectuals", but from his security
chiefs—various "interior ministers, army commanders, and the heads of
the ultra-influential intelligence services."
[29]
