Chinese incursion leaves India on verge of crisis

India has accused China of sending a platoon of soliders across what is called the actual line of control which serves as the boarder between India and China.  According to the Indian government the Chinese soldiers of the PLA are 19 kilometers inside of India.

NEW DELHI (AP) — The platoon of Chinese soldiers slipped across the boundary into India in the middle of the night, according toIndian officials. They were ferried across the bitterly cold moonscape in Chinese army vehicles, then got out to traverse a dry creek bed with a helicopter hovering overhead for protection.
They finally reached their destination and pitched a tent in the barren Depsang Valley in the Ladakh region, a symbolic claim of sovereignty deep inside Indian-held territory. So stealthy was the operation that India did not discover the incursion until a day later, Indian officials said.
China denies any incursion, but Indian officials say that for two weeks, the soldiers have refused to move back over the so-called Line of Actual Control that divides Indian-ruled territory from Chinese-run land, leaving the government on the verge of a crisis with its powerful northeastern neighbor.
Indian officials fear that if they react with force, the face-off could escalate into a battle with the powerful People's Liberation Army. But doing nothing would leave a Chinese outpost deep in territory India has ruled since independence.

China has in recent years claimed territories in large areas of the South China sea some of are well within these countries actual territorial boundaries. 

Territorial disputes in the South China Sea involve both land (island) and maritime disputes among seven sovereign states within the region, namely the:

•  People's Republic of China (PRC)
•  Republic of China (Taiwan)
•  Philippines
•  Vietnam
•  Malaysia
•  Brunei
•  Indonesia

The disputes include the maritime boundary in the Gulf of Tonkin as well as maritime boundaries off the coasts of Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines. There is a further dispute in the waters near Indonesia's Natuna Islands. Additionally, there are disputes among the various island chains of the South China Sea basin, including the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands. The interests of different nations include acquiring fishing areas around the two archipelagos, the potential exploitation of suspected crude oil and natural gas under the waters of various parts of the South China Sea, and the strategic control of important shipping lanes.

The Disputes

• Maritime boundary in the Gulf of Tonkin between Vietnam and China ^[1]
• Maritime boundary along the Vietnamese coast between Vietnam, China, and Taiwan
• Maritime boundary in the waters north of the Natuna Islands between Indonesia, China, and Taiwan ^[2]
• Maritime boundary north of Borneo between Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Malaysia and Brunei
• Islands in the southern reaches of the South China Sea, including the Spratly Islands by Vietnam, Malaysia, The Philippines, Taiwan, and China
• Maritime boundary off the coast of central Philippines and Luzon between the Philippines, China, and Taiwan
• Islands in the northern reaches of the South China Sea, including the Paracel Islands between Vietnam, China, and Taiwan
• Maritime boundary in the Luzon Strait between the Philippines and Taiwan, including islands

Note: Most maritime boundary disputes also involve EEZ disputes under the terms of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.